Chemistry and Technology of Explosives - Volume IV by Tadeusz Urbanski

Author:Tadeusz Urbanski
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Explosives; Pyrotechnics; Detonation; Deflagration; Combustion; Energetic Materials; Chemistry; Physics

1

( ) Glycerine

Separator

FIG. 44. Hercules Co. tubular nitrator of glycerine [2].

Acid—£

¥

^—Glycerine

FIG. 45. T - tube for nitration of glycerine (Hercules Co.) [2].

counter current which enters through valve 3, pump 4 and valve 5 to the same place 6.

Nitration starts in 6 and continues in the tubular nitrator before entering the cooler and finally the separator. Valve 5 is a quick opening by-pass valve. In the case of an emergency valve 5 is turned to stop the flow of glycerine to the nitrator 6 switching through 7 to the glycerine container.

Figure 45 shows a diagram of the 'mixing tee' 6.

The nitrating acid in the Hercules Tubular Process is composed of 18-40% HN0 3 , 45-70% H3 S0 4 and 11-17% H 2 0. The preferred acid to glycerine ratio is 10-12 parts of acid per one part of glycerine.

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES

Stow [3] improved the method by introducing a centrifugal separator of nitroglycerine from the spent acid.

The method can be used to both: nitration of glycerine, glycerine-ethylene glycerol mixture, diethyleneglycol or ethylene glycol.

Biazzi Process (Vol. II, p. 107)

The detailed description of the process given in Vol. II remains valid with a few additions described by Biasutti [4]. Figures 48 and 49 (Vol. II, pp. 108, 111) are still valid, and the main points which introduce some additional, novel information are given here.

Mixed acid and glycerine are stored externally in separate tanks and are transferred by means of centrifugal and gear pumps to small feed tanks. From the feed tanks the reactants are sent to the nitrator by means of two positive displacement pumps driven by the same electric motor. Two speed variators allow change in the total flow rate as well as the ratio between acid and glycerine. The glycerine feed pipe in the nitrator, fitted with a multi-nozzle distributing head is

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